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Arzneipflanze des Jahres 2018
ist ein wichtiger Teil des zentralen und peripheren Nervensystems zuständig für Signalübertragung zwischen Hirn, Rückenmark, Vegetatives Nervensystem und Organen sowie Regulator der optimalen physiologischer und kognitiver Prozesse wie: Immunsystem,[1] vegetative nervous system,[2] soziales Verhalten und Angst[3] Bewegung, Gedächtnis, Lernprozesse[4] kontrolle über das Neubildung Überleben oder Tod von neuronalen und nicht-neuronalen Zellen[5] Appetit[6] Schmerz Entzündungen[7] Fett- Energiestoffwechsel[8], und vieles mehr.
Veränderung in Endocannabinoidsystem oder Cannabinoid Mangel führen zu schlecht funktionierenden Immunsystems und einer Vielzahl von Krankheitszuständen.
Chinesen verwendeten ihn für Betäubung während chirurgischer Eingriffe, Malaria, Rheuma, Darmverstopfung, weiblichen Fortpflanzungssystems Störungen, als Abführmittel,[9]
In India war eingesetzt als Analgetikum (Zahnschmerzen, Kopfschmerzen, und Neuralgie), bei Krämpfen (Tetanus, Tollwut, Kolik, Durchfall und Epilepsie), zum Beruhigung (Manie, Hysterie und Angst), Schmerzlinderung Bei entzündlichen Erkrankungen wie z.b. Rheuma, als Antibiotikum, bei Asthma, Bronchitis und viele andere[10] [11] [12].
Ägypter heilten mit Hanf Glaukom [13], gynäkologischen Erkrankungen, schmerz[14], Fieber, Geburtshilfe[15], Parasiten[16] Tumoren, Wunden, Schwellungen, Abszessen Fieber[17] Augen, Krebs und Anorektale Krankheiten[18]
Im Westen hat Hanf erst im 19 Jahrhundert ein Boom als Arznei gelöst.
Hunderte von wissenschaftliche Artikel über Heilkraft von Hanf würden veröffentlicht.[19] Es würde eine breite Spektrum von Krankheiten behandelt. Bis 1930 sind mehr als 2000 Medikamente auf Hanfbasis geboten[20] Zahlreiche Medizinische Anwendungen von Hanf waren zusammengefasst in “Sajous's Analytic Cyclopedia of Practical Medicine (1924)”[21]
Nach globales verbot in “Genfer Opiumkonferenz 1925” und Dämonisierung Kampagne Cannabis ist als Arznei verschwunden.
Unter öffentlichem Druck aufgrund die Krankheiten, für dies die Schulmedizin ratlos ist haben Wissenschaftler in 70 igem Jahren das therapeutische wert von Cannabis unter die Lupe genommen. Mittlerweile sind über 100.000 Studien und Fachartikel über Cannabis und Cannabinoide veröffentlicht. In Deutschland ist Behandlung mit Medikamente auf Cannabis Basis für über 60 Krankheiten rezeptpflichtig erlaubt.[22]
Laut Studien Cannabinoide könnten aufgrund ihres natürlichen Ursprungs und ihres geringen Nebenwirkungsprofils und Schutzfunktion von pathologischen Zustände eine sichere, kostengünstige Therapie für breite Palette von Krankheitszuständen darstellen.
Einnahme von Cannabinoiden beseitigt Endocannabinoid-Mangel als hauptursache für Migräne, Fibromyalgie[23], Reizdarmsyndrom[24] und anderen behandlungsresistenten kronische Schmerzen.[25] Cannabinoide beeinflussen Nucleus ventro caudalis einem Teil des Zwischenhirns die für Schmerzsinn zuständig ist und sind bei verringerung des schmerzempfinden 10 Mal wirksamer als Morphin.[26] Das Endocannabinoidsystem beeinflusst Schmerzkontrolle und vermittelt zentrale stressinduzierte Analgesie (Schmerzunempfindlichkeit)[27] Cannabinoid Agonisten unterdrücken Chronische und neuropathische Schmerzen durch Aktivierung CB 1 - und CB 2 -Rezeptoren im Rückenmark[28]. Cannabinoide reduzieren Hyperalgesie (gesteigerte Empfinden Schmerzreizes) durch Hemmung des Calcitonin-Gen-verwandten Peptids[29]. Cannabinoide hemmen Glutamatfreisetzung und verringern neuropathischer Schmerzen und sekundären sowie tertiären Hyperalgesie (gesteigerte Empfinden Schmerzreizes) bei Migräne und Fibromyalgie[30]. Cannabinoide stimulieren produktion von Beta-Endorphin ein körpereigenes Morphin mit analgetischer Wirkung[31]. Cannabinoide haben zwanzigfache entzündungshemmende Wirksamkeit von Aspirin und die doppelte Wirkung von Hydrocortison[32]. Cannabinoid-2-Rezeptor-Agonist mildert durch Knochenkrebs verursachte Schmerzen und Knochenschwund[33] [34]. Cannabinoiden mildern durch Krebs verursachte Schmerzüberempfindlichkeit und entzündlichen Muskelschmerzen[35]
Wichtigste Eigenschaft den Cannabinoiden bei der Krebsbehandlung ist Fähigkeit Tumorzellen gezielt abzutöten.[36] Studien legen nahe dass Cannabinoide wirken gegen: Lungenkarzinom[37], Hirntumoren[38] [39] [40] [41], Brustkrebs[42] [43] [44] , Bauchspeicheldrüsenkrebs[45] [46] [47], Lymphom [48] [49] [50], Schilddrüsenkrebs [51] [52], Hautkarzinom [53] [54], Uteruskarzinom [55], Prostatakarzinom [56] [57] [58], Dickdarmkrebs [59] [60] [61] und Knochenkrebs [62] [63]. Cannabinoide haben ähnliche oder bessere Wirksamkeit bei der Milderung durch Chemotherapie verursachter Übelkeit und Erbrechen als zugelassene Antiemetika Medikamenten.[64]
Cannabinoide sind wegen Reduzierung klassischer neurotoxischer Ereignisse, Entfernung pathologischer Ablagerungen durch verbesserte neurologische Leistung, verringerte Ödeme, Infarktgröße, Gliosen, Entzündungen, Blut-Hirn-Schranke-Störungen, vielversprechend bei behandlung von Hirnverletzung [65], Schlaganfälle [66] [67] [68] und chronische neurodegenerative krankheiten wie: Alzheimer [69] [70] [71] [72], Parkinson [73] [74], Amyotrophe Lateralsklerose [75] [76] [77] Multiplen Sklerose [78]
Cannabinoiden schwächen: akuten Stress [79] [80], Panikattacken und phobische Ängste [81], depressionen [82] [83] [84], mit Stress verursachten schaden auf Hippocampus [85], Psychosen [86] Schizophrenie [87] [88]
Cannabinoiden fordern Neuroplastizität (Fähigkeit des Gehirns, auf Erfahrungen als Reaktion sich zu verändern und anpassen) [89], Reparatur, Nach Wachstum [90] [91] und behüten Nervenzellen vor dem Absterben [92] [93]. Auf diese Weise bilden sie schutz vor neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen wie posttraumatische Belastungsstörungen (PTBS), Stimmungsstörungen, Alzheimer, Huntington, Parkinson, und Schizophrenie [94].
Patienten mit arzneimitteln resistenter Epilepsie haben weniger Anfälle [95], Degeneration und den Neuronenverlust im Hippocampus [96] insbesondere bei Lennox-Gastaut und Dravet-Syndrom [97] [98] [99] [100] Patienten haben Wenige oder keine Anfälle, bessere Stimmung, Kommunikation, Motorik, Sprache, Verhalten, Wachsamkeit und Schlaf [101] [102] Hanfextrakte mit grosse CBD und geringe THC anteil haben bessere Antiepileptische wirkung als zugelassene arznei wie Diphenylhydantoin und Mysolin [103]
Cannabidiol hemmt Betäubungsmitteln sucht, Entzugserscheinungen, Heroinsucht [104] [105] [106] Kokainsucht [107] Morphiumsucht [108] [109] [110] und Tabbaksucht [111]
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